↑ Von Glahn, Richard (2016). “Domestic crises and global challenges: restructuring the imperial economy (1800 to 1900)”. The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Los Angeles: Cambridge University Press. tr. 356. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139343848.010. ISBN978-1-107-03056-5.
↑ The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States By Herbert Franke, Denis C. Twitchett, John King Fairbank, p.367
↑ Paul K. Davis, 100 Decisive Battles from Ancient Times to the Present: The World's Major Battles and How They Shaped History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 142.
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